‍Central Asia and The Caucasus Journal

The Impact of the Ukraine War on Central Asia: The Rise of China or the Strengthening of Multilateralism

Maryam Hasheminejad Ashrafi; Amirmohamad Moghani; Kian Ebtekar; Shahab Alddin Shokri; Majid Raoufi; Abbas Maleki

Volume 29, Issue 124 , May 2024, , Pages 83-114

Abstract

The Russia-Ukraine war in February 2022 caused changes in the international system and blackened the balance of power prospects, especially in a region like Central Asia where Russia ... Read More

Russia's response to Ukraine's Near-Abroad Destabilization from 2014 to 2023

Volume 29, Issue 122 , September 2023, , Pages 117-138

https://doi.org/CA-2307-1687(R2)

Abstract

The separation of Crimea from Ukraine and its annexation to the territory of the Russian Federation in 2014 and the special military operations of the Russians against this country ... Read More

The Russia - Ukraine War from JUS AD BELLUM perspective

Behzad Seyfi

Volume 29, Issue 121 , June 2023, , Pages 107-136

Abstract

The Russia-Ukraine war began on February 25, 2022, after months of tension and the presence of Russian military forces on the border of Ukraine, with the order of the Russian president's ... Read More

A Study of the Russia-Ukraine War from an Ontological Security Perspective

pejman norouzi; emad helalat; Amirreza Moghavemi

Volume 28, Issue 120 , March 2023, , Pages 113-135

Abstract

Conflicts and many of the states’ actions can be analyzed through the theory of ontological security. Sometimes, states take measures which endanger their physical and realistic ... Read More

Cultural Identity and Conflict between Russia and Ukraine

Milad Mirinamniha; ali omidi

Volume 28, Issue 119 , December 2022, , Pages 125-152

Abstract

Although the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is mostly interpreted based on geopolitical propositions such as NATO’s expansion towards the Eastern Europe, the cultural identity ... Read More

The Implications of Russia and Ukraine War (2022) on the International Economy

Hamid ِDorj

Volume 28, Issue 118 , September 2022, , Pages 37-60

Abstract

Russia's massive invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the severe financial sanctions imposed against Moscow have not only had an economic impact on Russia; but, the consequence ... Read More

Russia-Ukraine War and the Future of International Order

Alireza Samii Isfahani; Sara Farahmand

Volume 28, Issue 118 , September 2022, , Pages 87-113

Abstract

Although the war in Ukraine is geopolitically a North-North war or Europe's concern but in effect, it is a great power competition between major world powers which is a manifestation ... Read More

The Evolution of Offense-Defense Equation of Russia and Iran

Sakineh Hashemi; Mohammad Tohidfam; Ahmad Bakhshayesh Ardestani

Volume 28, Issue 117 , June 2022, , Pages 49-70

Abstract

Expansion of NATO and the EU to the East created an atmosphere of strategic uncertainty in Western government relations with Russia, at the cost of intensification of security issue ... Read More

Iran and Russia in the Caspian Sea: Legal Regime and Cooperation

Ali Tiztak; hamid Ahmadi

Volume 28, Issue 117 , June 2022, , Pages 99-126

Abstract

The collapse of the former Soviet Union, drew the Caspian Sea region out from a pure and calm strategic region and created numerous geopolitical opportunities and challenges for Iran ... Read More The collapse of the former Soviet Union, drew the Caspian Sea region out from a pure and calm strategic region and created numerous geopolitical opportunities and challenges for Iran and Russia. This fundamental development caused change in the surrounding Caspian Sea’s political borders and impacted on the legal status of the sea. Iran and Russia’s policies and approaches towards the Caspian Sea legal status fundamentally altered, as well. At the same time, with the emergence of differences of opinions and views among the coastal countries on the legal status and the way to exploit the Caspian Sea resources, there was created a fertile bed for presence and interference of big and extra-regional countries in the Caspian Sea. Under such circumstances, Iran/Russia policy alignment for managing the legal status developments of the Caspian Sea and preventing it from becoming a new hotbed of tensions , as well as, nearing together the opinions and positions of the other coastal countries has been crucial. The pivotal and main question of the present article is what impact Iran and Russia policies toward the legal status of the Caspian Sea can have on the expansion of penta-lateral cooperation among the Caspian Sea coastal countries. In the present paper this question is put to test whether Iran/Russia policies towards the Caspian Sea legal system- apart from the negative historical mindsets between the two countries- due to reasons like geographical continuity, regional requirements, joint destiny and the Caspian Sea vulnerability resulting from presence of the big powers, and concerns about emergence of instability and insecurity in the Caspian Sea, have been more convergent and led to strengthening of cooperation and conclusion of various documents of penta-lateral cooperation among the coastal countries. The present paper is of the Analytical-Descriptive type and the method used is inferential and the data has been analyzed using library and Internet sources.

The New Silk Road Triangle: China, Russia and Europe

Arash Reisinezhad; Mostafa Boushehri

Volume 28, Issue 117 , June 2022, , Pages 127-152

Abstract

The New Silk Road as the most ambitious macro-project in the current time is the sign and symbol of China’s power projection beyond its borders. Two lanes of the six lanes of ... Read More

Russia’s Artificial Intelligence Strategy and Challenges Ahead

Ahmad Rashidi

Volume 27, Issue 116 , March 2022, , Pages 59-90

Abstract

The logic governing the International System is obtaining and upgrading power. Since science and technology are the prime source of power in the modern world, the countries are scrambling ... Read More

Russia’s Policy Towards Syrian Crisis Based on Astana-Sochi Talks

Abbas Golroo; Ardashir Sanaei

Volume 27, Issue 116 , March 2022, , Pages 121-138

Abstract

The Syria crisis is a complicated crisis of the 21st century, which due to the presence of the regional and trans-regional players has taken global dimensions, and despite bringing ... Read More

Iran-Russia Cultural Relations

Elahe Karimi riabi; Mahnaz Norouzi

Volume 27, Issue 115 , December 2021

Abstract

Culture and cultural elements are important variables of international relations and contemporary scholars have emphasized the role of cultural issues in politics. Cultural diplomacy ... Read More

Annexation of Crimea and Sanctions

Ali Mousaei; Enayatollah Yazdani

Volume 27, Issue 115 , December 2021

Abstract

The 2014 Ukraine crisis which started by Russia pressuring Ukraine not to join the free trade agreement with the EU and ultimately led to the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula to ... Read More

Explanation of the Russia’s Foreign Relations in South Caucasus on the Perspective of Biopolitics Theory

Afshin Mottaqi Dastnayi; Mosayeb GhareBeigi

Volume 27, Issue 114 , September 2021, , Pages 159-182

Abstract

Continuous monitoring of the daily lives of citizens is one of the fundamental propositions of bio-theory. On a broader scale, continued security controls ... Read More

Relations between the Russian Federation and European Populist far-right Parties; Roots and Consequences

Elaheh Kolaee; Ali Reza Samoudi pilehroud

Volume 26, Issue 110 , September 2021, , Pages 173-201

https://doi.org/DOR:20.1001.1.23223766.1399.26.2.6.7

Abstract

Although after the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 and its weakening in the international arena, relations between Russia and the West did not face much tension, and even ... Read More Although after the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 and its weakening in the international arena, relations between Russia and the West did not face much tension, and even cooperation between the two sides was established, gradually, and especially when Putin took office, Russian-Western relations have been strained. The turning point in changing Russians' view on the West was in 2004, when a series of color revolutions took place in the former Soviet republics. To Moscow, color revolutions were carried out with the help of the West or the US with the aim of creating a color revolution in Russia itself. For the Russian ruling elites, these actions marked the end of the cooperation between the mainstream politicians in the West and Russia, and an important moment in turning Russia's look away from the West and intensifying anti-Western sentiment in Russia. Since then, Russia sought to cement its position in the international system and weaken Western structures, especially the EU. To strengthen its influence in Europe, Moscow uses various tools to weaken the EU. In recent years, Russia has managed to promote Russophilia and Euroscepticism, that are two sides of the same coin. Russia's policy is attractive to parties and countries which see themselves as victims of the European Union. Russia hopes that the rise of right-wing parties in European countries will weaken liberal democracy structures. In recent years, challenging the security structures in the West and undermining the cohesion of the EU, have been the central goal of Russia's foreign policy. The main question is that "what are the main aims of Russia in strengthening its relations with European far right parties?" The hypothesis is that "Russia's main foreign policy is to challenge the Western security structures and Moscow hopes the rise of right-wing parties in European countries will undermine the Western liberal narrative and weaken the liberal democracy structure especially the EUs’". Using explanatory- analytical research method, the author attempts to find an answer to the article's question.

International Sanctions and the Iran/Russia Relations, 2006-2014

Jahangir Karami; Zogreh Khajavi

Volume 27, Issue 113 , June 2021, , Pages 85-104

Abstract

The Islamic Republic of Iran has, since the 2000s, stressed an eastward policy and the relations with Russia have been a major part of this policy, and this issue, especially in the ... Read More

The European Union’s Joint Security and Foreign Policy towards Russia

Akbar Valizadeh; Kazem shrif kazemi

Volume 27, Issue 113 , June 2021, , Pages 131-164

Abstract

The European Union’s joint security and foreign policy towards Russia has gone through numerous unwanted ups and downs after the collapse of the Soviet Union, especially over ... Read More

The Role of Russia in Iran's Economic Cooperation With the South Caucasus (2014-2019)

Elaheh Koolaee; Ali Akbar Jowkar

Volume 26, Issue 112 , March 2021, , Pages 93-116

Abstract

Since the independence of the three South Caucasus countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan Republic and Georgia) in 1991, the Islamic Republic of Iran has tried to have constructive relations ... Read More Since the independence of the three South Caucasus countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan Republic and Georgia) in 1991, the Islamic Republic of Iran has tried to have constructive relations with the mentioned countries in various fields by adopting a balanced policy. From Iran's perspective, the importance of the South Caucasus, in addition to its historical and cultural commonalities, lies in its neighborhood status and high potential for economic cooperation. However, due to the impact of technical and geopolitical factors, the economic relations between Iran and these countries, despite their great potential and advantages, have never reached its desired point. Although, US and UN sanctions against Iran have been a major obstacle to expanding Iran's economic cooperation with its neighbors, at the same time Russia's move to impose some restrictions on regional rivals, especially in the energy sector, and its impact on Iran's economic cooperation with the South Caucasus cannot be ignored. With the onset of the Ukraine crisis in 2014 and escalating tensions with Europe and the United States that led to widespread sanctions against Russia, Moscow has turned its attention to cooperation with Eurasia and its neighbors.On the other hand, Iran's nuclear deal with the P5 + 1 in 2015 and the lifting of UN sanctions paved the way for improving cooperation between Iran and its neighbors, including Russia and the South Caucasus. Accordingly, given the variable of Russia as the most important player in the South Caucasus, the authors seek to answer the following questions: Has the change in Russia's approach to regional cooperation with neighbors since 2014 affected Iran's economic relations with the South Caucasus? And if so, what was the effect? The authors argue that,Russia has played a positive role in strengthening Iran's economic cooperation with the three countries of the South Caucasus. Using the explanatory and analytical method, the developments in the relations between Iran and the countries of the South Caucasus from 2014 to 2019 are examined according to the Russian factor. a

Russia in Syria and Takfirism in Central Asia

Abbas Golroo; Ardeshir Sanaee

Volume 26, Issue 112 , March 2021, , Pages 118-143

Abstract

Civil war in Syria and the interventions of regional and transregional players with their diverse and opposite motivations have led to different implications including the strengthening ... Read More

Russian Federation and Russian - Oriented Institutionalism in Central Asia

Seyed abbas Ahmadi Korch; Sarem Shiravand

Volume 25, Issue 107 , March 2020, , Pages 1-36

Abstract

After the collapse of the USSR and the development of new Russia, the areas that impacted directly on Russia’s security, came into a higher significance. The dominance of geopolitical ... Read More

Understanding the Smart Power in Russia’s Foreign Policy (2014 – 2019)

Mehdi Hedayati Shahidani

Volume 25, Issue 107 , March 2020, , Pages 159-188

Abstract

It is more than a decade that the concept of “smart power” had entered the realm of political and international studies. It firstly initiated in the political and diplomatic ... Read More

Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea and its Impacts on the Cooperation among Littoral States

Ali Tiztak; Hamid Ahmadi; kayhan Barzegar

Volume 26, Issue 111 , March 2020, , Pages 1-23

Abstract

The independence of the Central Asian and South Caucasus republics in the early 1990s and the establishment of new states along the Caspian Sea inevitably affected the legal status ... Read More The independence of the Central Asian and South Caucasus republics in the early 1990s and the establishment of new states along the Caspian Sea inevitably affected the legal status of the Caspian Sea, which had been formed incompletely by previous treaties, and the unilateral actions of the Caspian Sea littoral states in the field of exploitation of the sea's energy resources and the signing of oil and gas contracts with large Western companies had caused disagreements and ambiguities about the legal regime of the sea and the exploitation of undersea resources. The influx of Western oil and gas companies to exploit the black gold in the Caspian Sea, along with the difficulties of not determining the legal regime of the Caspian Sea, further widened the differences between the littoral states and prolonged the negotiation process to reach a comprehensive agreement. The signing of the "Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea" as an important achievement, while resolving many ambiguities and disagreements on the issues regarding the Caspian Sea, will determine the general framework of cooperation among littoral states and will turn the Caspian Sea into another pole of regional cooperation. This article has been compiled with the aim of exploring the causes and areas of cooperation among littoral states in the light of the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea and seeks to provide an appropriate answer for the following question; "how the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea could affect and improve cooperation among littoral states?" The article hypothesizes that by removing many ambiguities about the legal regime of the Caspian Sea, the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea, creates new opportunities for cooperation among littoral states. The present article is of qualitative (descriptive-analytical) type and using methodology (inductive-inferential), the data have been analyzed by library study and documentary analysis.

The Position of Identity in the Security View of the Russian Federation towards the West

Meisam Zakizadeh; Keyhan Barzegar; Mehdi Zakerian Amiri

Volume 26, Issue 111 , March 2020, , Pages 25-56

Abstract

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation, as its successor, gradually began to redefine and reinterpret its identity, national interests and threats to its national ... Read More

The New Face of Russia's Nuclear Deterrence

Alireza Sheikh Mohammadi

Volume 25, Issue 108 , March 2020, , Pages 33-63

Abstract

Despite economic entanglements and numerous international disputes, Russia has not abandoned its goal of creating a strategic deterrence against the United States over the past decade. ... Read More

Volume 29 (2023)

Volume 28 (2022)

Volume 27 (2021)

Volume 26 (2020)

Volume 25 (2019)

Volume 24 (2018)

Volume 23 (2017)

Volume 22 (2016)

Volume 21 (2015)

Volume 20 (2014)

Volume 19 (2013)

Volume 18 (2013)

Volume 17 (2012)

Volume 16 (2011)

Volume 15 (2010)

Volume 14 (2009)

Keywords = Russia

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