نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
استادیار گروه مطالعات منطقه‌ای دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
مسکو طی سا‌ل‌های پس از جنگ سرد تلاش کرده است از اهرم‌های مختلفی که در دست دارد به منظور حفظ منافع خود در منطقه پساشوروی استفاده کند. می‌توان گفت، اگر در دوران پس از فروپاشی جایگاه روسیه به عنوان یک قدرت جهانی از لحاظ عملی و نظری به چالش کشیده شده و مورد مناقشه بوده باشد، نقش این کشور به عنوان قدرت منطقه‌ای در جمهوری‌های پیشین اتحاد جماهیر شوروی چنین نبوده است. به باور نگارندگان مفهوم «هژمونی منطقه‌ای» می‌تواند، چارچوب مفیدی برای فهم بهتر روابط روسیه با همسایگان آن فراهم کند. تداوم هژمونی منطقه‌ای یک کشور با وجود افول قدرت مادی آن، می‌تواند ما را به واکاوی نقش عوامل غیرمادی رهنمون شود. با توجه به این که ابعاد مادی قدرت روسیه به ضعف‌ها و کمبودهایی دچار شده‌اند و بعید به نظر می‌رسد هژمونی منطقه‌ای تنها با تکیه بر آنها تداوم یابد. در نوشتار پیش‌رو با بهرهگیری از نظریه «جامعه‌پذیری و قدرت هژمونیک» به بررسی شاخص‌ها و مؤلفه‌های غیرمادی قدرت روسیه می‌پردازیم. بر اساس این نظریه، مولفه‌های ذهنی نقش موثری در حفظ هژمونی دارند. بنابراین در پاسخ به این پرسش که «چرا با وجود اعمال سیاست‌های استقلال‌طلبانه در برخی از کشورهای پساشوروی و افول تدریجی ابعاد مادی قدرت روسیه، همچنان هژمونی این کشور در محیط پیرامونی تداوم یافته است؟» به عنوان پرسش اصلی مقاله، نگارندگان این فرضیه را مطرح می‌کنند، «منابع فرهنگی قدرت روسیه هستند که با نقش‌آفرینی در شکل‌گیری ذهنیت نخبگان کشورهای پساشوروی به تداوم هژمونی منطقه‌ای روسیه کمک و کارکرد منابع نظامی و اقتصای را تکمیل می‌کنند». برای پاسخ به این پرسش از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی استفاده شده است.
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