‍Central Asia and The Caucasus Journal

Abstract The growing differences between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, as the two world superpowers, have taken on broad dimensions and encompassed various political, economic, security, and ideological arenas. These differences, which range from trade and technology disputes to human rights and regional security issues, have not only affected their bilateral relations but also challenged international stability and order. This article, by examining documents such as UN resolutions and bilateral declarations, as well as data such as economic indicators and trade statistics, and using content analysis, attempts to examine the prospects for resolving the US-China differences from the perspective of international law. The main question of the article is that given the deep and widespread differences between the US and China, is the current international legal framework capable of effectively managing and resolving these differences, or do we need new and innovative approaches in interpreting and implementing international law to adapt to the new geopolitical and economic realities of the world? The findings of the article show that international law, by providing legal frameworks and mechanisms, can play an important role in managing and reducing these tensions. Focusing on concepts such as sovereignty, non-intervention, peaceful resolution of disputes, and commitment to international treaties can provide solutions to reduce tensions and create a basis for cooperation.

Abstract Emphasizing the role of external factors, this research seeks to investigate peace, which led to the collapse of the Afghan government. After the American presence in Afghanistan during this period of twenty years, most of the political priorities, the discussion of war and peace, and the discussion of terrorism in Afghanistan were determined and assigned by the United States of America. Finally, the fate of this country was determined by different parties in the Doha Agreement in 2020. This agreement and the withdrawal of the American military from the Bagram military base made the fall of the Afghan government certain on August 15, 2021. What important factors play a role in the downfall of the Afghan government? This research is faced with the hypothesis that in addition to various internal issues, the collapse of the Afghan government was caused by external factors. The findings of the research show that the Doha Peace Agreement is a factor in initiating the Taliban; The withdrawal of foreign military forces is a factor in creating a power vacuum. Support for the Taliban has been the three key factors for the collapse of the government in Afghanistan.

Abstract Russia's massive invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the severe financial sanctions imposed against Moscow have not only had an economic impact on Russia; but, the consequence of this crisis has also affected the international economy, including America and Europe’s markets. The inflation caused by the Ukraine crisis, which has currently disrupted most of the world's economies, including the United States and Europe, is constantly increasing due to the sharp increase in the prices of oil, gas, industrial and agricultural products. This article tries to examine the economic impact of the war between Russia and Ukraine in 2022 on the key players of the global economy, especially the United States and Europe, which have imposed severe financial sanctions against Russia. Therefore, the main question of this research is: What effect will the Russia – Ukraine war have on the international economy, especially for the U.S. and Europe?
The hypothesis of the research is that given the fact that the conflict in Ukraine has the political and military dimensions, the leaders of these countries have prioritized the political issues over the economic issues in their decision making process to address this crisis. This has caused the economy to be affected again by high politics issues and faced stagnation and increase in global prices which once was considered as a low politics during the Cold War and then, it became more relevant in the decision-making process of governments after the Cold War.
This paper has applied the descriptive-analytical method to analyze the data.

Abstract In the multipolar system with the supremacy of a single pole, international agendas are usually determined by the hegemonic power. The hegemonic power has also more freedom of act in determination of goals, interests and countering with its oppositions in a comparison with bipolar and multipolar structures. An example of the mentioned composition of international agendas can be seen in the area of determining energy corridors. TAPI pipeline is a good instance. This pipeline has been proposed as an alternative of the peace pipeline. Despite its strategic and geo-economic situation of Iran, this project tries to exclude Iran from regional and international political equations. This literature addresses the following main question: Which factors lead to the suspension of the executive trend of the peace pipeline and its being replaced by TAPI pipeline? In order to answer the mentioned question, the following hypothesis is used: Structural pressures of the international system through “socialization” and “competition”, and their impact on decisions and policy makings of those countries that participated in the TAPI gas pipeline project, are the main cause for the suspension of the executive trend of peace pipeline and its being replaced by TAPI pipeline.

Abstract The technological revolution in the end of 1980’s led to the major breakthroughs in the fields of IT and media. Digital mass media, as the results of the above mentioned revolution, provided non-governmental and civil actors with new playgrounds for activity in the field of political and diplomatic relations. Emerging of social networks, blogging and video sharing capabilities through cyberspace, gave the American policy makers new opportunity to achieve their goals in foreign policy and diplomacy. By the Obama’s presidency and his emphasize on the American soft power, led the notice of American policy makers towards the potential capacities of the mentioned means for restoration of U.S image throughout the world and also supporting America’s allies around the world. Azerbaijan Republic thanks to its hydrocarbon energy resources on one hand has a special place in the Eurasian policy of America. Young population of Azerbaijan Republic which is interested in social networks is playing a key role in American cyber diplomacy on the other hand. According to what was said above, the authors of this article will try to answer this essential question: what are the main directions of American cyber diplomacy and how are they coordinated for Azerbaijan Republic?