‍Central Asia and The Caucasus Journal

Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine the international challenges of establishing a national government in Afghanistan, which in the last two decades (2001-2021), under the influence of the competition of regional countries (such as Pakistan and India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Turkey, Central Asian countries) and trans-regional powers (such as America, Russia, China and the European Union) have been formed and consolidated. In response to the fundamental question of this article, what are the international challenges of establishing a national government in Afghanistan? It is hypothesized that geopolitical rivalries, the Durand conflict and the ISIS group in Afghanistan are among the most important international challenges to the creation of a national government in Afghanistan, and regional factors (such as Pakistan and India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Turkey, Central Asian countries) and extra-regional (such as America, Russia, China and European Union) have been affected. Competitions, enmities, supremacy and security dynamics of regional countries and great powers in the geography of Afghanistan have caused this country to face international challenges in creating a national and comprehensive government. Cannot be the founder of the national government in Afghanistan. The mentioned problem has been investigated using the theoretical framework of "Regional Security Complex Theory" and analytical descriptive method. The obtained results indicate that the geopolitical competition, the Durand conflict and the activities of the ISIS group in Afghanistan, with the influence of regional and extra-regional variables, will challenge this country in the period of twenty years (2001-2021) Has drawn.

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Abstract   Security vision of Russia’s Neo – Eurasianists towards its near abroad has been suspicious about West and has fully attempted to combat and reduce western influence in regional security structure, especially since Putin’s retaking office (and also in latest period of Medvedev office). Against this background, the core of the mentioned discourse has been upon building institutions and structures that were to attract regional cooperation for competing western security structures, especially NATO in Russia’s near abroad. Using regional security complex theory, the present literature attempts to explain Russian behavior in its near abroad. Considering the importance and the position of the mentioned theory in explanation of security evolutions after the cold war, the present article tries to answer the following question:  What security relation is chosen as desired for Russia towards it’s near abroad? The hypothesis is that Russia attempts to pioneer a regional security complex in its near abroad so that it would attract regional countries to its desired economic, security provisions and institutions and therefore to prevent the influence of trans-regional actors and organizations. Using explanatory – analyzing research method and library resources the authors try to tell why the research findings provide an answer to the research question.

Abstract Region word is mutant concept in political term, That’s mean, predefined regions will altered over the time with Political climate. Central Asia in cold war period was a part of Soviet Union.  After the collapse of the Soviet Union  five republics became independent in this area. During the first half of Nineties decade, Most of researchers were believing that Central Asia, Caucasus, Baltic States & Eastern Europe has not  Separate identities. But Gradually  in  the second half of this decade Central Asia Studied as distinct region. Expanding the Central Asia borders was raised coincide with occurrence the New Great Game in this region. Greater Central Asia plan is Consequence of this Process. Up to now Different interpretations of Greater Central Asia have been presented. This Article follows the American Greater Central Asia narrative and tries to answer the below questions. Whether Greater Central Asia  can be implementation? What are the forwarded Restrictions of this project? What is the main aftermath of Greater Central Asia plan? “The main Consequence of Greater Central Asia plan is reduces China & Russia influence in region. Greater Central Asia plan have faced with complex of security barriers. China & Russia’s Opposition will Prevent Implementation of this plan.” We will examine above  hypothesis With applying the Regional Security Complex theory.
 
 

Abstract Collapse of the Soviet Union has transformed power relations and balance of forces at regional levels. Furthermore, the regional and trans-regional powers that had been previously deprived of playing a key role by the former Soviet Union, were given the chance to increase their influence in south of the former Soviet Union. This is while Iran and Turkey have started fierce rivalry to influence over Central Asia and the Caucasus. These two regional countries neighboring Central Asia and the Caucasus enjoy long standing geographical and historical background and age-old civilizations. Thus Understanding the basis of Iran and Turkey foreign policies on Central Asia and the Caucasus and the factors affecting them are of great significance. The current research aims to assess the basis of the foreign policies adopted by Iran and Turkey as the influential factors in convergence or divergence of these two countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus in line with their capabilities. It also analyzes consequences of the policies adopted by these two countries in regard to the combinational theory. The main question of the current research is: What is the basis of foreign policies adopted by Iran and Turkey in the new geopolitics of Central Asia and the Caucasus. The research attempts to analyze foreign policies of Iran and Turkey in the light of four common variables of the New Theory2 including patterns of amity and enmity between the states, mutual and heavy dependence, geographical proximity, economic and geopolitical factors of power, i.e. rich energy resources, transit routes, etc.