‍Central Asia and The Caucasus Journal

Abstract American pragmatists consider the realist and liberal tradition in international relations to be inefficient and believe that most of the successes of American foreign policy have been achieved with a pragmatic approach and a peaceful method and emphasis on diplomacy. At first, Biden's foreign policy was organized around the issue of human rights and democracy, but the outbreak of the war between Russia and Ukraine caused a change in priorities. Therefore, by transitioning from liberalism to pragmatism in foreign policy, he tried to manage this crisis. The purpose of this article is to examine the change of priorities and approaches in Biden's foreign policy after the Russia-Ukraine war. The question of this article is: What did the Russia-Ukraine war cause? Has there been a change in the priorities of Biden's foreign policy? The hypothesis of this research, which tries to be proven with analytical and explanatory methodology and emphasis on objective and tangible political facts, is: that understanding the war between Russia and Ukraine as a strategic threat from the government Biden changed the approach in American foreign policy to manage this crisis. In such a way that pragmatism became the focal point and central core of Biden's foreign policy, and issues such as human rights and democracy are marginal issues.  

Abstract Afghanistan , as an  example of multi-ethnic , multi-racial, multi-lingual , multi-religious, multi-historic and multi-geographical  countries has witnessed Taliban’s 2^nd governance  and the collapse of the government for the 6^th times in the last 48 years. Given the arrogance created in Taliban, concerning the expulsion of the US from the Afghanistan soil, and the Taliban record of governance from 1996 to 2001, and given their current practices, the human rights in Afghanistan including the women’s conditions, health and education, Afghanistan is in an inappropriate situation. The parties involved in Afghanistan are still perpetrating gross violations of international human rights, such as war crimes and other gross infringements of human rights. The proponents of human rights, women rights activists, newspaper staff, health and humanitarian workers, and religious and ethnic minorities were among those targeted by the Taliban and non-governmental actors. During the Taliban takeover of the country, a wave of revenge killings engulfed the country. Thousands, mostly of Shia Hazeras, were forcefully expelled. The little progress made in improvement of women’s rights was reversed under the Taliban rule. The rights of gatherings and freedom of speech were severely restricted. Access to healthcare and international aids were halted. Therefore, the current research intends, while addressing the human rights conditions in Afghanistan under the 2^nd Taliban rule, to examine the statements, regulations, and agendas declared by the US, and probe the US responsibility in present situation in Afghanistan.
 

Abstract Since the beginning of the third millennium, the European Union's policy toward the Central Asia has been a major part of the EU's common foreign and security policy. Central Asia has traditionally provided a link between Asia and Europe and plays as a strategic route between the two continents. The most comprehensive European document on Central Asia entitled "EU-Central Asia: Strategy for a New Partnership" was adopted in June 2007 and boosted the EU-Central Asia relations. The Main question of this article is "in order to implement its normative power, which instruments are used by the EU and which challenges it confronts?" In response to this question, the following hypothesis is posed: "Promoting democracy, human rights, rule of law, education, and environment are among the most important programs implemented by the EU in Central Asia; however, due to some shortcomings such as the role of other powerful actors in the region, different approaches of the member states and the European institutions as well as structural weaknesses, the EU has failed to achieve all its goals in the region. The research method applied in this article is analytic-descriptive.