Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Mohammad Tamim Haidari ¹
• Reza Simbar ²

¹ Ph.D. student of International Relations at Guilan University

² Professor of Political Science and International Relations at Gilan University

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to examine the international challenges of establishing a national government in Afghanistan, which in the last two decades (2001-2021), under the influence of the competition of regional countries (such as Pakistan and India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Turkey, Central Asian countries) and trans-regional powers (such as America, Russia, China and the European Union) have been formed and consolidated. In response to the fundamental question of this article, what are the international challenges of establishing a national government in Afghanistan? It is hypothesized that geopolitical rivalries, the Durand conflict and the ISIS group in Afghanistan are among the most important international challenges to the creation of a national government in Afghanistan, and regional factors (such as Pakistan and India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Turkey, Central Asian countries) and extra-regional (such as America, Russia, China and European Union) have been affected. Competitions, enmities, supremacy and security dynamics of regional countries and great powers in the geography of Afghanistan have caused this country to face international challenges in creating a national and comprehensive government. Cannot be the founder of the national government in Afghanistan. The mentioned problem has been investigated using the theoretical framework of "Regional Security Complex Theory" and analytical descriptive method. The obtained results indicate that the geopolitical competition, the Durand conflict and the activities of the ISIS group in Afghanistan, with the influence of regional and extra-regional variables, will challenge this country in the period of twenty years (2001-2021) Has drawn.

Keywords

• International challenges
• national government
• surrounding nations
• Transregional powers
• Regional security complex

Main Subjects

• Middle East