After the Cold War, relationships among the European countries and Russia entered into a new phase. Despite the rise in of interactions between Brussels and Moscow through cooperation ...
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After the Cold War, relationships among the European countries and Russia entered into a new phase. Despite the rise in of interactions between Brussels and Moscow through cooperation agreements, 1994 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, Energy Roadmap 2050, and other partnerships in such regards as fighting against terrorism and WMDs, these two actors are in wide divergences and rivalries in some areas. Although economic significance of Russia for Europe has been on the rise during recent years, there have been major vicissitudes in political relations. In its new presidency period of Putin, Russia has been making fresh attempts to gain its previous position. In many cases, however, Moscow’s interests and values are put in stark contrast with those of Europe’s. In the present study, divergence and rivalry dimensions between the EU and Russia are to be investigated. Areas like energy (in spite of interdependencies), renovation, South Caucasus, common neighborhood, and security are, as believed by the authors, confronting major disagreements.
Islamic Republic of Iran and Russian Federation enjoy unique position in international system and they have potencies hegemony in peripheral environment. Hence, the U.S values political ...
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Islamic Republic of Iran and Russian Federation enjoy unique position in international system and they have potencies hegemony in peripheral environment. Hence, the U.S values political relations between Iran and Russia highly important. The U.S constantly has suspected the Iran_Russia relations and attempted to undermine it. This article explains international aspect of Iran and Russia relations and will probe the U.S influence on integration and divergence between Iran and Russia.
The foreign policy and position of great influential powers are very important in considering the most international developments and their conclusions. Therefore such positions have ...
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The foreign policy and position of great influential powers are very important in considering the most international developments and their conclusions. Therefore such positions have to be complemented in order to get a comprehensive vision on the world affairs. Within the last three years MENA Arabian countries have been experiencing drastic political changes, both in form of government and plunging chronic civil wars and some others are in the verge of entering to such conflicts. Syria is suffering from a the worst form of civil war and conflict near 3 years in which the great powers positions and their decisions take an important role. Some of these powers have taken huge efforts to subvert the Syrian government through military action and others tried vice-versa. Russia has been among those who oppose military intervention in Syria and has taken vigorous position in this regard. This article is analyzing the Russian policies with regard to Syrian crisis.
Volume 19, Issue 82 , September 2013, Pages 81-101
Abstract
The technological revolution in the end of 1980’s led to the major breakthroughs in the fields of IT and media. Digital mass media, as the results of the above mentioned ...
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The technological revolution in the end of 1980’s led to the major breakthroughs in the fields of IT and media. Digital mass media, as the results of the above mentioned revolution, provided non-governmental and civil actors with new playgrounds for activity in the field of political and diplomatic relations. Emerging of social networks, blogging and video sharing capabilities through cyberspace, gave the American policy makers new opportunity to achieve their goals in foreign policy and diplomacy. By the Obama’s presidency and his emphasize on the American soft power, led the notice of American policy makers towards the potential capacities of the mentioned means for restoration of U.S image throughout the world and also supporting America’s allies around the world. Azerbaijan Republic thanks to its hydrocarbon energy resources on one hand has a special place in the Eurasian policy of America. Young population of Azerbaijan Republic which is interested in social networks is playing a key role in American cyber diplomacy on the other hand. According to what was said above, the authors of this article will try to answer this essential question: what are the main directions of American cyber diplomacy and how are they coordinated for Azerbaijan Republic?
Volume 19, Issue 82 , September 2013, Pages 104-129
Abstract
Increasing role of energy and economy in international relations, has forced the states to find new economic resources in other parts of the world. Russia as an energy superpower ...
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Increasing role of energy and economy in international relations, has forced the states to find new economic resources in other parts of the world. Russia as an energy superpower in the world is trying to revive the authority of the Soviet era. Extension of influence in the former Soviet Union Republics is one of the major tools for Russia to implement this goal. Huge resources of energy in Central Asia, has persuaded Russia to be active in this region. For this purpose, Russia has promoted its political and economic relations with Central Asian states to become a great power in the "New Abroad" region. Russia is trying to maintain its supremacy in the world energy markets by controlling region's energy. Russia has tried to holds Central Asian Republics in the sphere of its influence through increasing control over the region's energy resources, deployment of its forces in Central Asia and creating of regional organizations. Russia wants weak Central Asian republics in terms of defense and economy and through that policy maintains its dominance on these countries. The main question is "whether Russia can maintain its influence in Central Asia? Our hypothesis is that considering the importance of energy which is on the rise within international economies and in creasing presence of other powers in Central Asia ,a tight competition is forged in the region that can Russia’s dominance and in flounce in Central Asia.
Volume 19, Issue 82 , September 2013, Pages 131-165
Abstract
Collapse of the Soviet Union has transformed power relations and balance of forces at regional levels. Furthermore, the regional and trans-regional powers that had been previously ...
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Collapse of the Soviet Union has transformed power relations and balance of forces at regional levels. Furthermore, the regional and trans-regional powers that had been previously deprived of playing a key role by the former Soviet Union, were given the chance to increase their influence in south of the former Soviet Union. This is while Iran and Turkey have started fierce rivalry to influence over Central Asia and the Caucasus. These two regional countries neighboring Central Asia and the Caucasus enjoy long standing geographical and historical background and age-old civilizations. Thus Understanding the basis of Iran and Turkey foreign policies on Central Asia and the Caucasus and the factors affecting them are of great significance. The current research aims to assess the basis of the foreign policies adopted by Iran and Turkey as the influential factors in convergence or divergence of these two countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus in line with their capabilities. It also analyzes consequences of the policies adopted by these two countries in regard to the combinational theory. The main question of the current research is: What is the basis of foreign policies adopted by Iran and Turkey in the new geopolitics of Central Asia and the Caucasus. The research attempts to analyze foreign policies of Iran and Turkey in the light of four common variables of the New Theory2 including patterns of amity and enmity between the states, mutual and heavy dependence, geographical proximity, economic and geopolitical factors of power, i.e. rich energy resources, transit routes, etc.
