‍Central Asia and The Caucasus Journal

Explanation of the obstacles of the national identity building in Georgia in the light of the modern approach to the ethnic identities

Mohammad Ali Basiri; Enayatollah Yazdani; Fahimeh Khansarifard

Volume 22, Issue 95 , December 2016, Pages 1-30

Abstract

Building a single national identity has been one of the most difficult phases in the process of nation-building in various societies. Common definition of itself and the formation of ... Read More Building a single national identity has been one of the most difficult phases in the process of nation-building in various societies. Common definition of itself and the formation of inter-minds understanding of a single nation beyond the existing ethnic identities, has led to building an inclusive national identity and this issue provides the required ground for the advancement of nation-building process. Realization of this issue depends on the performance of the elites in creating consensus among ethnic groups and the willingness of diverse ethnic identities to participate in the process of building national identity. This is particularly very significant in the areas, where other multiple ethnic identities live in constant tension with each other. South Caucasus region is one of the regions, which due to the existence of hostile ethnic groups, is considered as a unique example in studying the national identity building of the “post-Soviet”. In this region, Georgia is considered as a failed example in the arena of building national identity and nation-building. In this regard, the question of this article is: What were the main obstacles in building national identity in Georgia and what was the impact of these factors on the process of nation-building in this country? The hypothesis of the article is also elaborated as follows: the interaction of two factors; the reluctance of the diverse ethnic groups in a common definition of themselves as a single nation and also the Georgian elites’ performance, in order to marginalize the ethnic minorities in the process of building national identity, along with the impact of the Soviet Union’s legacy, has been the most important factors in the lack of national identity formation in Georgia and subsequently, its failure in the country's nation-building process. The method used in this article, is descriptive-analytical method, through using the library tools.

Neo-mercantilist approach of Russia and China to the Central Asia energy

Hossein Rafi; Mohsen Bakhtiari Jami

Volume 22, Issue 95 , December 2016, Pages 33-64

Abstract

The application of neo-mercantilist policies by the great powers indicates the ineffectiveness of mercantilist exploitation plans of the past century and the emergence of a new era ... Read More The application of neo-mercantilist policies by the great powers indicates the ineffectiveness of mercantilist exploitation plans of the past century and the emergence of a new era of conflict and competition to establish a business balance and maximize the economic profits. The priority of controlling energy resources of “Central Asia”, has placed the domination policy over hydrocarbon resources at the center of the foreign policy of regional powers “Russia and China”, with the aim of convergence and consolidating their superior position in comparison to the rival power. Leaping for the economic development and at the same time, rising oil and gas prices in the world market, Russia's struggle in order to achieve the foreign exchange revenue, which is obtained from raw materials trade; China's reliance on vital arteries of oil and gas in order to sustain economic growth as well as design neo-mercantilist policies, have made the maximization of the resources’ control inevitable. Occurrence of economic and political crises in the relations between Russia and “European Union” (EU),as well as a reduction in prices, changed Russia's trade strategy in the oil and gas sector, which led to the increase of the volume of exports and commercial convergence with China to supply the foreign exchange revenue deficit. In this regard, due to the competition between the two great regional powers, the question is: Which component has intensified the compilation and implementation of neo-mercantilist commercial-economic policies in the region? The main hypothesis of this article is as follows: The use of rich oil and gas resources with the goals of earning foreign exchange revenues, continuing domestic economic growth, maintaining a balance in prices, coping the domination of rival over resources, have made the pursuit of neo-mercantilist policies in the region essential. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, citing on the Latin books and articles and reliable cyberspaces of the web sites.

Russian foreign policy and Iran's nuclear program from the sanctions to the Nuclear Deal (JCPOA

Jahangir Karami; Roqayeh Keramatinia

Volume 22, Issue 95 , December 2016, Pages 65-97

Abstract

“Iran nuclear deal” and the “P5+1” countries is of the important political events in the regional and even international levels, which can overshadow and affect ... Read More

Russian security activism in the “South Caucasus”

Elaheh Kolaee; Mohsen Eslami; Ghasem Osouli

Volume 22, Issue 95 , December 2016, Pages 97-136

Abstract

According to Russia's membership in the “UN Security Council”, nuclear power, proximity and involvement in a wide arena of the world’s geography (Japan, China, Central ... Read More

The impact of geopolitical code and visions on the management of the Russian Federation in Ukraine crisis

Mohammad Hasan Sheikh- al- Islami; Sarem Shiravand

Volume 22, Issue 95 , December 2016, Pages 137-171

Abstract

The behavioral model of the great powers in crisis management is of the important issues worthy of research, as a result of the structural change of the international system and becoming ... Read More

Pathology of the EU-Georgia cooperation regime in the form of "Partnership and Cooperation agreement"

Roxana Niknami; masoud Etesami

Volume 22, Issue 95 , December 2016, Pages 173-206

Abstract

“South Caucasus” has always been part of the most challenging regions of the world and it is considered very crucial for Europe to maintain its security.“Eastern Partnership ... Read More

‍Central Asia and The Caucasus Journal

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Volume & Issue: Volume 22, Issue 95, December 2016

Explanation of the obstacles of the national identity building in Georgia in the light of the modern approach to the ethnic identities

Abstract

Neo-mercantilist approach of Russia and China to the Central Asia energy

Abstract

Russian foreign policy and Iran's nuclear program from the sanctions to the Nuclear Deal (JCPOA

Abstract

Russian security activism in the “South Caucasus”

Abstract

The impact of geopolitical code and visions on the management of the Russian Federation in Ukraine crisis

Abstract

Pathology of the EU-Georgia cooperation regime in the form of "Partnership and Cooperation agreement"

Abstract