‍Central Asia and The Caucasus Journal

The Russian Federation's Discursive Transformation in Central Asia: From Euro-Atlanticism to a Normalized Modern Great Power (1991-2016)

Vali Kouzehgar Kaleji

Volume 23, Issue 97 , April 2017, , Pages 175-206

Abstract

The Russian Federation has been among the most significant actors in Central Asia during the past two and a half decades – what some have termed as a “New Great Game” ... Read More

Annexation of Crimea and Sanctions

Ali Mousaei; Enayatollah Yazdani

Volume 27, Issue 115 , December 2021

Abstract

The 2014 Ukraine crisis which started by Russia pressuring Ukraine not to join the free trade agreement with the EU and ultimately led to the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula to ... Read More

EU's Policy in the South Caucasus: Interests and Challenges

Volume 15, Issue 65 , November 2010, , Pages 133-159

Abstract

European neighborhood policy is a move in pursuit of mid-term strategic plan to which reflects the nature of relations with EU neighbors, depicting EU liaisons with this region. In ... Read More

Caspian Sea Energy, the Basis for Regional Cooperation in Caucasus

Volume 16, Issue 69 , November 2011, , Pages 137-163

Abstract

The discovery of Oil, Gas, and its diverse utilization has had a major role in the transformation of industries, and acknowledged as a central basis for social development. In these ... Read More

Barriers to Development of expansion of Cooperation in Central Asia

Volume 17, Issue 75 , November 2012, , Pages 139-159

Abstract

Interdependence in the economic-security areas, historical, ethnic and racial links, common security threats and concerns among the Central Asian states demonstrate a complex network ... Read More

The Impacts of Socio-Political Gaps in the Political Identity Formation of Dagestan Society

Volume 17, Issue 76 , November 2012, , Pages 147-166

Abstract

Dagestan is the most traditional and pious MoslemRepublic in Russian Federation. However, the republic is a place of crossover and stockpile social-political gaps and congestion of ... Read More

A‌ Glimpse on Obama Administration’s Foreign Policy towards South Caucasus

Volume 18, Issue 77 , November 2014, , Pages 151-178

Abstract

Taking power by the Democrats led by Barrack Obama, amounted to a wide range of changes in the field of American foreign policy which in many dimensions varies from the era of the neo-conservatisms. ... Read More Taking power by the Democrats led by Barrack Obama, amounted to a wide range of changes in the field of American foreign policy which in many dimensions varies from the era of the neo-conservatisms. Among the most vivid distinctions could be the change in the approach of the American foreign policy towards the South Caucasus region. The main questions in here would be the direction of these changes and the reasons behind and the consequences of the changes in the South Caucasus region. The outcome of the article indicates that under Obama administration, the region disembarked from Washington's strategic priorities. US foreign policy’s change of attitude, reset of relations with Russia, and the US refrain from creating tensions in the Russian peripheral sub-systems, focus of American defense and foreign policy on the Middle East, and austerity measures due to the domestic financial crisis, could be the most important reasons behind the Obama administration’s approach towards South Caucasus. Besides, some facts like considerable cuts in the financial aids provided by the US government for three countries of the region, reduction of the US support level extended to the Georgian government, relative strain in Baku-Washington relations due to severe pressure by the American side on Turkey-Armenia normalization of ties and Obama’s non compliance with his promises given during his presidential election campaign to the effect that he would recognize genocide of the Armenians in 1915, should be known as the most important consequences of adopting such approach. Seemingly, in the event of fundamental changes like recurring a US-Russian confrontation under Vladimir Putin's new administration, taking power by the Republicans in the upcoming US presidential election, and relative improvement in its economic conditions, one could witness a different approach by Washington toward South Caucasus and its re-gaining importance in the US foreign policy strategies.

Russian – US Rivalry in Eurasia

Volume 14, Issue 62 , November 2009, , Pages 155-171

Abstract

This article studies recent differences and competitions between the US and Russia in Eurasia. Russia and the US have completely different attitudes and ... Read More

Armenia's Constitutional Reforms: Changing Political Structure from Presidential to Parliamentary System

Vali Kouzehgar Kaleji

Volume 21, Issue 89 , April 2016, , Pages 159-188

Abstract

The present article looks into the change in the political structure in Armenia; from a presidential system to a ... Read More

Russia, Arab Developments and the "Systematic Challenge" in the Middle East

Volume 18, Issue 78 , November 2014, , Pages 167-191

Abstract

"Arab developments" has caused considerable political and social developments not only inside the countries engaged, but the regional and international equations as well. In the meanwhile, ... Read More

The Impact of drug trafficking in the economies of Central Asian Countries

Volume 14, Issue 61 , November 2009, , Pages 187-205

Abstract

Narcotics and its international smuggling is a problem for the world. This phenomenon has slowed down, and in cases has stopped the pace of development. The end of the cold war ... Read More

Central Asia: Looking for an Independent Identity Power

Volume 14, Issue 62 , November 2009, , Pages 173-203

Abstract

Given the current circumstances, the main problem faced by the Central Asian countries is that they do not have an identity independent from Russia and although they are seeking for ... Read More

Evaluation of the European Union’s Transformative Power in Central Asia

Zabihullah Rezaei; Ali Mohammad Haghighi

Volume 25, Issue 108 , March 2020, , Pages 1-32

Abstract

The ultimate goal of soft (normative or civil) power is to change the behavior of the actors in non-aggressive ways. Therefore, the effectiveness of the EU's soft power in post-communist ... Read More

Turkmenistan’s Policy on Water Resources in Hydropolitics of Central Asia

Anis Khosravani; Mohammad Tohidfam

Volume 26, Issue 109 , May 2020, , Pages 1-31

Abstract

Due to the extremely indiscrete nature of the aquatic structures and the complicated and manipulated hydropolitics of Central Asia, the water, energy and food security in every country ... Read More Due to the extremely indiscrete nature of the aquatic structures and the complicated and manipulated hydropolitics of Central Asia, the water, energy and food security in every country in the region is potentially affected by even a slight change in the water politics of each of the five states. Accordingly, Central Asia, or at least every set of states situated at two drainage basins of Amu Darya and Syr Darya, could be considered as a hydropolitical security complex. This study analyzes and evaluates Turkmenistan’s policy on water resources within the Amu Darya hydropolitical security complex, with an emphasis on the use of extraterritorial surface runoff. The question is “what do Turkmenistan’s water problems arise from and what is the practical way to overcome them?” In response, the hypothesis that was tested is that “the water problems in Turkmenistan are caused by growing demands for irrigation in that country that are the result of three factors: rapid population growth, non-optimal irrigation methods, and the climate change. A plan to optimize the water consumption and develop a multilateral mechanism for fair allocation of water with the purpose of ensuring water-energy security in all countries located in the Amu Darya hydropolitical security complex would address the water problems to a large extent.” This article is based on qualitative method (descriptive-analytical research) and has used inductive methodology. The descriptive statistics and the findings based on this method have been analyzed in the light of the concept of water security and the hydropolitical security complex hypothesis. An analysis of the findings of the article confirm the abovementioned hypothesis to some extent, suggesting that Turkmenistan and other downstream countries have no choice but to “abandon the option for cash crop farming and focus on substitute plans to generate profit and provide employment for the rural population” or to “follow a pattern similar to the water-energy barter system under the Soviet Union”.

Central Asian Governments from Regional Cooperation to Dependence on Great Powers

Ali Basiriniya; Amin Kooshki

Volume 26, Issue 110 , September 2021, , Pages 1-37

https://doi.org/DOR:20.1001.1.23223766.1399.26.2.1.2

Abstract

Despite having the characteristics of being a region and the existence of many incentives to achieve intra-regional convergence, Central Asia has been always deprived of the advantages ... Read More

Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea and its Impacts on the Cooperation among Littoral States

Ali Tiztak; Hamid Ahmadi; kayhan Barzegar

Volume 26, Issue 111 , March 2020, , Pages 1-23

Abstract

The independence of the Central Asian and South Caucasus republics in the early 1990s and the establishment of new states along the Caspian Sea inevitably affected the legal status ... Read More The independence of the Central Asian and South Caucasus republics in the early 1990s and the establishment of new states along the Caspian Sea inevitably affected the legal status of the Caspian Sea, which had been formed incompletely by previous treaties, and the unilateral actions of the Caspian Sea littoral states in the field of exploitation of the sea's energy resources and the signing of oil and gas contracts with large Western companies had caused disagreements and ambiguities about the legal regime of the sea and the exploitation of undersea resources. The influx of Western oil and gas companies to exploit the black gold in the Caspian Sea, along with the difficulties of not determining the legal regime of the Caspian Sea, further widened the differences between the littoral states and prolonged the negotiation process to reach a comprehensive agreement. The signing of the "Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea" as an important achievement, while resolving many ambiguities and disagreements on the issues regarding the Caspian Sea, will determine the general framework of cooperation among littoral states and will turn the Caspian Sea into another pole of regional cooperation. This article has been compiled with the aim of exploring the causes and areas of cooperation among littoral states in the light of the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea and seeks to provide an appropriate answer for the following question; "how the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea could affect and improve cooperation among littoral states?" The article hypothesizes that by removing many ambiguities about the legal regime of the Caspian Sea, the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea, creates new opportunities for cooperation among littoral states. The present article is of qualitative (descriptive-analytical) type and using methodology (inductive-inferential), the data have been analyzed by library study and documentary analysis.

Dimensions and Intentions of National Space Law in the Russian Federation

Ali Ilkhanipour

Volume 26, Issue 112 , March 2021, , Pages 1-33

Abstract

In spite of the considerable development of international space law, national policy and law is currently the strongest and most effective source for the leading governments’ ... Read More

The Islamic Republic of Iran’s Economic Diplomacy with the Eurasian Economic Union (Case Study of tariffs Cooperation)

Reza Simbar; Hadi Gholamnia

Volume 27, Issue 113 , June 2021, , Pages 1-20

Abstract

The economic relations of Iran and the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union have been in recent years influenced by factors such as the international sanctions, lack of a complementary ... Read More

The Evolution of Public Diplomacy in the Soviet Union and the New Russia: Orientation from World-Centricity to Russia- Centricity

Ali Omidi; Saeide Moradifar

Volume 27, Issue 114 , September 2021, , Pages 1-34

Abstract

Public diplomacy has always been an important tool in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation, before and after the collapse of the Soviet Union. From the beginning of its establishment ... Read More

Taliban Second Rule: Human Rights and America's Responsibility

Fatemeh Mohammadi

Volume 28, Issue 117 , June 2022, , Pages 3-24

Abstract

Afghanistan , as an example of multi-ethnic , multi-racial, multi-lingual , multi-religious, multi-historic and multi-geographical countries has witnessed Taliban’s ... Read More

America and China in the Post-Corona Order

Hamid Ahmadinejad; Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhneshin

Volume 28, Issue 118 , September 2022, , Pages 3-35

Abstract

America in the Post-Corona Order; continued contrast of hegemony survival and Delegitimation ChinaAbstractMany years have passed since the popularization of the term post-American order, ... Read More

North-South Corridor and Iran-Azerbaijan Interactions

Hosein Soltani; Alireza Khosravi

Volume 28, Issue 119 , December 2022, , Pages 3-28

Abstract

In 1379, North-South Corridor, consisting of eastern wing (Central Asia), middle wing (Caspian Sea), and western wing (Caucasus), form the side of the Caspian Sea, has been implemented ... Read More

South China Sea Conflict from Strategic Culture Perspective

Seyyed Mohammad Kazem Sajjadpour; Ehsan Mohammadi

Volume 28, Issue 120 , March 2023, , Pages 3-24

Abstract

Due to the increase of China’s power in the International arena and the non-compliance of China’s behavior with realistic theories on one hand and the existence of long-standing ... Read More

Russia and “The Belt and Road Initiative” of China (2013-2020)

Hamid Reza Ashrafi; Mohammad Hasan sheikholeslami

Volume 29, Issue 121 , June 2023, , Pages 3-26

Abstract

The Belt and Road Initiative was launched in 2013 by Xi Jinping. This initiative is one of the important aspects of China's foreign policy. Due to the geographical extent, extensive ... Read More

• ISIS Returnees in Central Asia: A Case Study of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

Volume 29, Issue 122 , September 2023, , Pages 3-34

https://doi.org/CA-2304-1677(R1)

Abstract

Following the arrest of women and children by the Syrian Democratic Forces who had joined the ISIS terrorist group, the return of these people to their countries of origin was deemed ... Read More Following the arrest of women and children by the Syrian Democratic Forces who had joined the ISIS terrorist group, the return of these people to their countries of origin was deemed an important issue in the fight against terrorism. While most European countries refused to accept them, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan began to repatriate them. The current study seeks to address the question “How has the rehabilitation of ISIS women and children in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan affected these people`s identities?” The hypothesis has been studied utilizing the Actor-network theory. This hypothesis has been tested: it has made it feasible to reinvent the identity of these individuals by placing women and children back from ISIS in a network of new social links. According to the findings of the study, the rehabilitation of these people in a network of social relations, as well as the use of the capacities of rehabilitation centers, schools, family, and neighborhood as translation mediators, has caused these individuals to reflect on their identity, rethink their social identity, and, as a result, successfully integrate in the society. Research results show that the rehabilitation of these people in the network of social relationships and the use of the capacity of rehabilitation centers, schools, families and neighborhoods as translation intermediaries has made women ISIS female and child returnees reflect on their identities and identities. Thereby rethinking their social identity and in a process of successful integration. In these countries, homeland adaptation and recovery activities as well as basic measures have been implemented individually with special emphasis on spiritual, psychological, ideological and family support, with government support in cases such as restoration of civil status, periodic financial support, and fight against social exclusion and the psychological distress that accompanies training for new professions such as translation, accounting and tailoring.

Volume 29 (2023)

Volume 28 (2022)

Volume 27 (2021)

Volume 26 (2020)

Volume 25 (2019)

Volume 24 (2018)

Volume 23 (2017)

Volume 22 (2016)

Volume 21 (2015)

Volume 20 (2014)

Volume 19 (2013)

Volume 18 (2013)

Volume 17 (2012)

Volume 16 (2011)

Volume 15 (2010)

Volume 14 (2009)

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