نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری سیاستگذاری عمومی، واحد تهران مرکزی
2 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
با فروپاشی اتحاد جماهیر شوروی، سازوکار متمرکز و بسیار پیچیده تخصیص منابع آبی در آسیای مرکزی به مشکل مدیریت آبی بسیار پیچیده فرامرزی تبدیل شد و ادعاهای دوجانبه حل نشده ای را باقی گذاشت. در چنین شرایطی، رودخانه های فرامرزی به عامل بی ثباتی ملی و منطقه ای تبدیل شدند و با ممانعت از روند اتحاد منطقه ای در آسیای مرکزی، منبع جدیدی از مناقشه میان دولت های ساحلی را به وجود آوردند. علاوه بر دلایل طبیعی و تاریخی، پیوند میان موضوعات آب و انرژی، تغییرات اقلیمی، رشد جمعیت و پراکندگی ناموزون آن در آسیای مرکزی بر پیچیدگی های امنیتی مسأله آب در این منطقه دامن زده است. بر این اساس، پرسش اصلی مقاله حاضر این است که «مدیریت رودخانه های فرامرزی در آسیای مرکزی از زمان استقلال تا به امروز بر چه اصولی مبتنی بوده و چه تأثیری بر امنیت منطقه داشته است؟» یافته های مقاله نشان می دهد که «اصول حاکم بر مدیریت رودخانه های فرامرزی در آسیای مرکزی طی سه دهه گذشته مبتنی بر رقابت، خودمحوری و منافع ملی جداگانه جمهوری های آسیای مرکزی بوده که منجر به کاهش همکاری و افزایش مناقشات محلی و ملی بر سر آب شده است و می تواند به مثابه دلیل غیرمستقیم یا مکمل بی ثباتی امنیتی در آسیای مرکزی به شمار آید».
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